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1.
Salud mil ; 41(1): e401, abr. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1531267

ABSTRACT

Patients who are diagnosed with breast cancer face multiple challenges and fears: from the diagnosis, the acceptance of the diagnosis and the beginning of the treatments, as well as the side effects that they entail, the most worrying for the patients being the possible anatomical alterations due to surgery, alopecia due to chemotherapy treatment, and radiodermatitis due to radiant treatment. A systematic review was carried out in MedLine/Pubmed following the PRISMA 2020 criteria on the use of antiperspirant during radiant treatment in the axilla and its relationship or not with the increase in acute adverse effects. Based on the analysis of the results of this search and with emphasis on: dosimetric aspects, psychological impact, treatment acceptance, feeling of well-being and adherence. We justify its use.


As pacientes diagnosticadas com câncer de mama enfrentam múltiplos desafios e medos: desde o diagnóstico, a aceitação do diagnóstico e o início do tratamento, bem como os efeitos colaterais que estes acarretam, o mais preocupante para as pacientes são as possíveis alterações anatômicas devidas à cirurgia, alopecia devido ao tratamento quimioterápico e a radiodermatite devido ao tratamento radiante. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática no MedLine/Pubmed seguindo os critérios do PRISMA 2020 sobre o uso de antitranspirante durante o tratamento radiante na axila e sua relação ou não com o aumento dos efeitos adversos agudos. Com base na análise dos resultados desta busca e com ênfase em: aspectos dosimétricos, impacto psicológico, aceitação do tratamento, sensação de bem-estar e aderência. Justificamos seu uso.


Las pacientes que son diagnosticadas con cáncer de mama se enfrentan a múltiples desafíos y temores: desde el diagnóstico, la aceptación del mismo y el inicio de los tratamientos, así como los efectos secundarios que ellos conllevan, siendo los más preocupantes para las pacientes las posibles alteraciones anatómicas por cirugía, la alopecia por el tratamiento quimioterápico, y la radiodermitis por el tratamiento radiante. Se realizó una revisión sistematizada en MedLine/Pubmed, Google Académico, EMBASE, SciELO y Epistemonikos, siguiendo los criterios PRISMA 2020 del uso de antitranspirante durante el tratamiento radiante en axila y su relación o no con el aumento de efectos adversos agudos. En función del análisis de los resultados de dicha búsqueda y con énfasis en: aspectos dosimétricos, impacto psicológico, la aceptación al tratamiento, el sentimiento de bienestar y la adherencia. Justificamos su uso.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Radiotherapy/adverse effects , Axilla/radiation effects , Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Antiperspirants/adverse effects
2.
Rev. Bras. Cancerol. (Online) ; 68(1)jan./fev./mar. 2022.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1370454

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O câncer de mama ocupa uma das primeiras posições das neoplasias malignas em mulheres. Entre os tipos de tratamento, está a radioterapia que, apesar de ser um método seguro, traz diversos efeitos colaterais que prejudicam a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da prática integrativa e complementar de relaxamento com visualização guiada na melhora da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde de mulheres com câncer de mama submetidas à radioterapia. Método: Pesquisa quantitativa, quase-experimental, do tipo pré e pós-teste, realizada com 25 mulheres com câncer de mama submetidas à radioterapia em um Centro de Oncologia do Sul de Minas Gerais, entre julho de 2019 a março de 2020. Foram coletados dados sobre aspectos sociodemográficos e clínicos, e utilizado o instrumento Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30 da European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC QLQ-C30) para avaliação da qualidade de vida, aplicado em três momentos do tratamento. As seções de relaxamento foram aplicadas três vezes na semana durante todo o tratamento radioterápico. Resultados: A maioria das pacientes se encontrava na faixa etária de 41-60 anos, com nível médio de escolaridade, aposentadas, católicas, brancas, casadas e em estadiamento IIA. Os escores relacionados às escalas funcionais apresentaram melhora ao longo do tratamento. Para a escala de sintomas, os prevalentes foram insônia, constipação e fadiga. Conclusão: A prática de relaxamento foi eficaz na melhora dos domínios da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde, sendo uma prática de baixo custo que pode ser aplicada por profissionais treinados


Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the leading malignant neoplasms in women. Radiotherapy is among the types of treatment which, although safe, causes several side effects that impair health-related quality of life. Objective: To evaluate the effect of integrative and complementary practice of relaxation with guided visualization in improving health-related quality of in women with breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy. Method: Quantitative, quasi-experimental, pre-and post-test study, conducted with 25 women with breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy at an Oncology Center in the South of Minas Gerais, between July 2019 and March 2020. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, the Quality-of-Life Questionnaire-Core 30 of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC QLQ-C30) was used to assess quality of life, applied at three stages of the treatment. The relaxation sections were applied three times a week during the entire radiotherapy treatment. Results: Most of the patients were aged 41-60 years, with an average level of education, retired, Catholic, white, married and in IIA staging. The scores related to the functional scales showed improvement throughout the treatment. The prevalent symptoms for the symptom scale were insomnia, constipation and fatigue. Conclusion: The practice of relaxation was effective in improving the domains of health-related quality of life, being a low-cost practice that can be applied by trained professionals


Introducción: El cáncer de mama ocupa una de las primeras posiciones de las neoplasias malignas en la mujer. Entre los tipos de tratamiento se encuentra la radioterapia que, a pesar de ser un método seguro, tiene varios efectos secundarios que perjudican la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la práctica integradora y complementaria de la relajación con visualización guiada en la mejora de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de mujeres con cáncer de mama sometidas a radioterapia. Método: Cuantitativo, cuasiexperimental, tipo pre y posprueba, realizado con 25 mujeres con cáncer de mama sometidas a radioterapia en un Centro de Oncología del Sur de Minas Gerais, entre julio de 2019 y marzo de 2020 Datos sociodemográficos y clínicos Se recogieron aspectos y se utilizó el instrumento Quality of Life QuestionnaireCore 30 de la Organización Europea para la Investigación y el Tratamiento del Cáncer (EORTC QLQ-C30) para evaluar la calidad de vida, aplicado en tres etapas del tratamiento. Las secciones de relajación se aplicaron tres veces por semana durante todo el tratamiento de radioterapia. Resultados: La mayoría de los pacientes tenían entre 41 y 60 años, con nivel educativo medio, jubilados, católicos, blancos, casados y en estadificación IIA. Las puntuaciones relacionadas con las escalas funcionales mostraron mejoría a lo largo del tratamiento. Los síntomas prevalentes para la escala de síntomas fueron insomnio, estreñimiento y fatiga. Conclusión: la práctica de la relajación resultó efectiva para mejorar los dominios de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, siendo una práctica de bajo costo que puede ser aplicada por profesionales capacitados


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Quality of Life , Complementary Therapies , Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Relaxation Therapy
3.
Rev. Bras. Cancerol. (Online) ; 68(2)Abr.-Jun. 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1379087

ABSTRACT

Introdução: O linfoma primário de mama (LPM) representa cerca de 0,5% das neoplasias mamárias, sendo considerado um tipo raro de tumor. Alguns dos tipos de LPM, por sua vez, possuem ligação intensa com o período gravídico e pós-parto em virtude do estímulo hormonal. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar um caso de LPM com apresentação rara de linfoma de Burkitt, considerando propostas terapêuticas eficazes para o seguimento. Relato do caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, 23 anos, portadora de tumoração periareolar em mama direita com aspecto de casca de laranja e crescimento rápido há um mês, queixas flogísticas no local da lesão, bom estado geral e sem outros sintomas associados. O quadro relatado iniciou-se sete meses após a expulsão fetal com feto morto. A paciente foi submetida à biópsia da lesão e encaminhada para seguimento ambulatorial sem sucesso, necessitando de retorno ao ambiente hospitalar por piora das condições clínicas e extensão da tumoração. Houve diagnóstico de linfoma de Burkitt, com tratamento multidisciplinar, sendo submetida a protocolo CODOX-M de quimioterapia, com óbito após 22 dias de acompanhamento hospitalar. Conclusão: Este relato demonstra uma situação rara em uma paciente jovem, ressaltando a importância de investigar as alterações mamárias, de maneira eficaz, para um diagnóstico precoce correto e um tratamento adequado, em todas as faixas etárias


Introduction: Primary breast lymphoma (PML) represents about 0.5% of breast cancers, being considered a rare type of tumor. Some of the types of PML, in turn, have an intense connection with the pregnancy and postpartum period due to hormonal stimulation. The aim of this study is to report a case of PML with a rare presentation of Burkitt's lymphoma, considering effective therapeutic proposals for follow-up. Case report: A 23-year-old female patient with a peri-areolar tumor in the right breast with orange peel aspect and rapid growth for one month, phlogistic complaints at the lesion site, good general condition and no other associated symptoms. The reported condition started seven months after fetal expulsion with a dead fetus. The patient underwent lesion biopsy and was referred to an outpatient follow-up with unsuccessful outcome, requiring return to the hospital due to worsening of clinical conditions and extension of the tumor. There was a diagnosis of Burkitt's lymphoma, with multidisciplinary treatment. She underwent the CODOX-M chemotherapy protocol, and died after 22 days of hospital follow-up. Conclusion: This report demonstrates a rare situation in a young patient, emphasizing the importance of effective investigation of breast changes so that correct early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can be made for all age groups


Introducción: El linfoma primario de mama (LMP) representa aproximadamente el 0,5% de los cánceres de mama, siendo considerado un tipo de tumor poco común. Algunos de los tipos de LPM, a su vez, tienen una conexión intensa con el embarazo y el posparto debido a la estimulación hormonal. El objetivo de este estudio es reportar un caso de LMP con rara presentación de linfoma de Burkitt, considerando propuestas terapéuticas efectivas para el seguimiento. Relato del caso: Paciente, 23 años, con un tumor periareolar en la mama derecha con aspecto de piel de naranja y rápido crecimiento durante un mes, quejas flogísticas en el sitio de la lesión, buen estado general y ningún otro. síntomas asociados. La condición reportada comenzó siete meses después de la expulsión fetal con un feto muerto. El paciente fue sometido a biopsia de la lesión y fue derivado sin éxito a seguimiento ambulatorio, requiriendo el retorno al entorno hospitalario por empeoramiento de la clínica y extensión del tumor. Hubo un diagnóstico de linfoma de Burkitt, con tratamiento multidisciplinario. Se sometió al protocolo de quimioterapia CODOX-M y murió a los 22 días de seguimiento hospitalario. Conclusión: Este informe demuestra una situación poco común en una paciente joven, enfatizando la importancia de investigar de manera efectiva los cambios en los senos para un diagnóstico temprano correcto y un tratamiento adecuado en todos los grupos de edad


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Case Reports , Burkitt Lymphoma/drug therapy , Burkitt Lymphoma/radiotherapy
4.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 67(8): 1118-1123, Aug. 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1346969

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to perform dosimetric analysis of radiotherapy (RT) plans with or without elective nodal irradiation (ENI) and estimate whether the increase in mean doses (MDs) in the heart and lungs with ENI may lead to late side effects that may surpass the benefits of treatment. METHODS: The dosimetric analysis of 30 treatment plans was done with or without ENI. The planning and dose-volume histograms were analyzed, and the impact on the mortality of cardiovascular and lung cancer was estimated based on the correlation of the dosimetric data with data from population studies. RESULTS: RT with ENI increased the doses in the lungs and heterogeneity in the plans compared to breast-exclusive RT. When the increase in MDs is correlated with the increase of late side-effect risks, the most important effect of ENI is the increased risk of lung cancer, especially in patients who smoke (average increase in absolute risk=1.38%). The increase in the absolute risk of cardiovascular diseases was below 0.1% in the all the situations analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: ENI increases the heterogeneity and the doses at the lungs. When recommending ENI, the risks and benefits must be taken into account, considering the oncology factors and the plan of each patient. Special attention must be given to patients who smoke as ENI may lead to a significant increase in MD in the lung and the increased risk of radiation-induced lung cancer may surpass the benefits from this treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Neoplasms, Second Primary , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung , Radiotherapy, Conformal , Lung Neoplasms/etiology , Lung Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted , Risk Factors , Heart Disease Risk Factors , Lymph Nodes
5.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 66(9): 1301-1306, Sept. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | SES-SP, LILACS | ID: biblio-1136354

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY INTRODUCTION: Radiation therapy is widely used as adjuvant treatment in breast cancer patients. In the last decades, several studies have been designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of hypofractionated breast radiation therapy. More recently, even shorter regimens with doses above 4 Gy (hyper-hypofractionation) have also been proposed. This study aims to present a narrative review of the various hypofractionation protocols used to treat breast cancer patients with a focus on clinical application. RESULTS: Long-term results from several phase III randomized controlled trials demonstrated the safety and efficacy of hypofractionated breast radiation therapy using 15 or 16 fractions for early and locally advanced disease. The results of the initial clinical trials of hyper-hypofractionation are also encouraging and it is believed that these regimens may become routine in the indication of adjuvant radiation therapy treatment after the ongoing studies on this subject have matured. CONCLUSIONS: The idea that normal tissues could present high toxicity at doses above 2 Gy was opposed by clinical trials that demonstrated that moderate hypofractionation had similar results regarding oncological and cosmetic outcomes compared to conventional fractionation. Cosmetic and toxicity results from hyper-fractionation studies are in principle favorable. However, the long-term oncological results of studies that used hyper-hypofractionation for the treatment of breast cancer patients are still awaited.


RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: A radioterapia é amplamente utilizada como tratamento adjuvante nas pacientes com câncer de mama. Nas últimas décadas, diversos estudos foram desenhados para avaliar a segurança e a eficácia da radioterapia hipofracionada moderada de mama. Mais recentemente, esquemas ainda mais curtos, com doses acima de 4 Gy (hiper-hipofracionamento), foram também propostos. Este estudo tem o objetivo de apresentar uma revisão narrativa dos diversos protocolos de hipofracionamento utilizados no tratamento do câncer de mama com o foco na aplicação clínica. RESULTADOS: Os resultados de longo prazo de diversos ensaios clínicos randomizados fase III demonstraram a segurança e a eficácia da radioterapia hipofracionada moderada utilizando 15 ou 16 frações para doença inicial e localmente avançada. Os resultados dos ensaios clínicos iniciais de hiper-hipofracionamento são também animadores e acredita-se que esses esquemas poderão se tornar rotina na indicação do tratamento adjuvante com radioterapia após a maturação dos estudos em andamento sobre esse tema. CONCLUSÕES: A ideia de que os tecidos normais poderiam apresentar toxicidade elevada com doses acima de 2 Gy foi pioneiramente contraposta por ensaios clínicos que comprovaram que o hipofracionado moderado apresentava resultados semelhantes em relação aos desfechos oncológicos e cosméticos quando comparados ao fracionamento convencional. Os resultados cosméticos e de toxicidade dos estudos de hiper-hipofracionamento são, em princípio, favoráveis. Todavia, ainda se aguardam os resultados oncológicos de longo prazo dos estudos que aplicaram o hiper-hipofracionamento para o tratamento das pacientes com câncer de mama.


Subject(s)
Humans , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Radiation Dose Hypofractionation , Postoperative Period , Radiotherapy, Adjuvant , Dose Fractionation, Radiation
6.
Rev. medica electron ; 41(4): 1028-1034, jul.-ago. 2019. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1094107

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El linfoma primitivo de la mama es una forma rara de linfoma extraganglionar localizado, con una incidencia de 1,7 a 2,2 % de los linfomas extraganglionares y de un 0,04 a un 0,50 % de las lesiones malignas de la glándula mamaria de todos los linfomas no Hodgkin. El linfoma no Hodgkin primario de la mama crece con rapidez, con diseminación a la médula ósea y sistema nervioso central, generalmente de corta sobrevida. Se presentó un caso de una paciente femenina de 65 años de edad, blanca, que refirió haberse notado una tumoración en la mama derecha, de 3 cm de diámetro. Al examen físico se constató una tumoración, dolorosa a la palpación, localizada en el cuadrante superior externo. No existían adenopatías axilares a la palpación. La paciente no reportó síntomas específicos. Se realizó un ultrasonido diagnóstico que arrojó una imagen hipoecoica de 2,5 cm, de bordes no bien definidos. En un estudio mamográfico realizado se apreció una masa de alta densidad, irregular, que fue clasificado como BIRADS 4C. El diagnóstico de linfoma maligno no fue sospechado clínicamente. Fue operada, realizando biopsia por congelación que resultó positiva. Se le ejecutó una mastectomía total ampliada cuyo informe histopatológico fue: linfoma linfocítico pobremente diferenciado sin metástasis ganglionares axilares (0/29). Como tratamiento adyuvante se utilizó la poliquimioterapia asociada a la radioterapia. La paciente en la actualidad no ha presentado recaída y se mantiene viva tras 13 años de seguimiento.


ABSTRACT Primary lymphoma of the breast is an unusual kind of located extranodal lymphoma, with an incidence from 1.7 % to 2.2% of extranodal lymphomas, and from 0.04 % to 0.50 % of the mammary glands malignant lesions of all non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the breast grows rapidly, with dissemination to the bone marrow and central nervous system, generally of short over-life. The case presented is the one of a female, white patient, aged 65 years who told she perceived a tumor in her right breast of 3 cm diameter. At the physical examination a tumor was noted, painful at palpation, located in the higher external quadrant. Axillary adenopathy were not found at palpation. The patient did not reported specific symptoms. An ultrasound diagnosis was carried out showing a hypo-echoic image of 2.5 cm, with non well-defined margins. An irregular, high density mass was found in a mammographic study; it was classified as BIRADS 4C. The diagnosis of malignant lymphoma was not clinically suspected. The patient underwent a surgery, and a frozen section biopsy was positive. A total wide mastectomy was carried out and its pathological inform was: poorly-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma without axillary nodal metastasis (0/29). Polychemotherapy associated to radiotherapy was used as adjuvant treatment. Currently, after a 13-years follow-up, the patient did not relapsed and is still alive.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Morbidity , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin , Drug Therapy, Combination , Mastectomy
7.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1047099

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A fadiga em mulheres com câncer de mama após a radioterapia é um dos efeitos colaterais mais debilitantes, sendo um sintoma subjetivo, multidimensional e multifatorial. Objetivo: Caracterizar a fadiga em pacientes com câncer de mama em radioterapia que realizam o tratamento no Serviço de Radioterapia de um hospital de referência em tratamento oncológico do Estado de Goiás. Método: Trata-se de um estudo longitudinal. A Escala de Fadiga de Piper - revisada foi utilizada para avaliação de fadiga no início (T1), meio (T2) e final (T3) da radioterapia. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 89 mulheres. A prevalência de fadiga em T1 foi de 26,9%. Houve aumento significativo da fadiga ao longo da radioterapia, sendo que, em T3, 50,8% das mulheres apresentavam fadiga. Houve predomínio da fadiga moderada em T2 e T3, e o aumento mais significativo da intensidade da fadiga foi verificado do momento T1 para T2. A dimensão afetiva da fadiga apresentou escore mais alto comparado às dimensões sensorial/psicológica. Conclusão: A presença e a intensidade da fadiga durante a radioterapia aumentaram significativamente, predominando a fadiga moderada na última semana do tratamento. A magnitude da fadiga exibiu escores mais altos na dimensão afetiva nas avaliações. Portanto, atenção maior à fadiga durante a radioterapia precisa ser dada pelos profissionais de saúde.


Introduction: Fatigue in women with breast cancer after radiotherapy is one of the most debilitating side effects, being a subjective, multidimensional, multifactorial symptom. Objective: To characterize fatigue in patients with breast cancer in radiotherapy who undergo treatment in the radiotherapy service of a reference hospital in cancer treatment in the State of Goiás. Method: This is a longitudinal study. The Piper Fatigue Scale - revised was used to evaluate fatigue at the beginning (T1), middle (T2) and final (T3) of the radiotherapy. Results: The sample consisted of 89 women. The prevalence of T1 fatigue was 26.9%. There was a significant increase in fatigue during radiotherapy, and in T3, 50.8% of the women presented fatigue. There was a predominance of moderate fatigue in T2 and T3, and the most significant increase in fatigue intensity was verified from T1 to T2. The affective dimension of fatigue presented a higher score compared to the sensorial/psychological dimensions. Conclusion: The presence and intensity of fatigue during radiotherapy increased significantly, with moderate fatigue predominating in the last week of treatment. The magnitude of fatigue exhibited higher scores in the affective dimension of the evaluations. Therefore, health professionals must focus more attention to fatigue during radiotherapy.


Introducción: La fatiga en mujeres con cáncer de mama después de la radioterapia es uno de los efectos colaterales más debilitantes, siendo un síntoma subjetivo, multidimensional, multifactorial. Objetivo: caracterizar la fatiga en pacientes con cáncer de mama en radioterapia que realizan el tratamiento en el servicio de radioterapia de un hospital de referencia en tratamiento oncológico del Estado de Goiás. Método: Se trata de un estudio longitudinal. La Escala de Fatiga de Piper - revisada fue utilizada para evaluación de fatiga al inicio (T1), medio (T2) y final (T3) de la radioterapia. Resultados: La muestra fue compuesta por 89 mujeres. La prevalencia de fatiga en T1 fue de 26,9%. Se observó un aumento significativo de la fatiga a lo largo de la radioterapia siendo que, en T3, el 50,8% de las mujeres presentaban fatiga. Se observó un predominio de la fatiga moderada en T2 y T3, y el aumento más significativo de la intensidad de la fatiga fue verificado del momento T1 para T2. La dimensión afectiva de la fatiga presentó una puntuación más alta en comparación con las dimensiones sensorial/psicológica. Conclusión: La presencia e intensidad de la fatiga durante la radioterapia aumentó significativamente, predominando la fatiga moderada en la última semana del tratamiento. La magnitud de la fatiga exhibió escores más altos en la dimensión afectiva en las evaluaciones. Por lo tanto, los profesionales de la salud deben prestar mayor atención a la fatiga durante la radioterapia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Fatigue/etiology , Radiotherapy/adverse effects , Women , Longitudinal Studies
8.
Zagazig univ. med. j ; 25(6): 858-868, 2019. ilus
Article in English | AIM | ID: biblio-1273870

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Adjuvant radiotherapy is considered one of treatment options for treatment of locally advanced breast cancer. Thyroid gland is not considered an organ at risk in supraclavicular (SC) nodal radiation therapy (RT) for breast cancer. Objectives: Comparison the impact of 2 different RT techniques on thyroid gland; group (I) conventional two-dimensional radiotherapy of SC node and Group (II) three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) planning of SC node. Method: Twenty (20) patients with breast cancer received SC RT, with evaluation of thyroid functions in both groups, including thyroid stimulating hormone and free thyroxine prior to RT and 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months after RT. Based on each patient's dose volume histogram (DVH),total volume of thyroid and mean radiation dose of the thyroid which received radiation doses 10-50 Gy (V10-V50) were considered for statistical analysis. The median follow-up time was 20 months (range, 12-30 months). Results: of 20 patients, 5 (20%) were diagnosed with hypothyroidism (HT), 4 group (II) and 1 group (I). The median time to the development of HT was 9 months. SC node V50 in group I was lower than average in group II (Average: 2.06% versus 55.38% p<0.001).Thyroid V20 in group I was lower than average in group II (Average: 37.65% versus 50.47%, p<0.001) mean TSH in group I was lower than mean in group II (Average: 1.60 IU/L versus 3.08 IU/L, p=0.043). Conclusion: Conformal supraclavicular RT in patients with breast cancer appear to amplify the risk of HT more than conventional, however conformal radiotherapy is better than conventional radiotherapy in locoregional control


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Egypt , Thyroid Gland
9.
Rev. méd. Panamá ; 39(2): 46-54, 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1102118

ABSTRACT

El manejo de los pacientes con cáncer de mama temprano o localmente avanzado requiere de la evaluación inicial de un grupo de médicos familiarizados con el diagnóstico, estadificación y trata­mientos de estas enfermedades, de tal manera que se pueda optimizar los resultados no solamen­te oncológicos (Curación), sino también cosméticos. La decisión sobre el tratamiento local (cirugía y Radioterapia) y sistémico (Quimioterapia y Hormonoterapia) está basada en las características clí­nicas y moleculares de tumor, así como por las preferencias del paciente


The management of patients with earlyor locally advanced breast cancer requires the initial evalua­tion of a group of physicians familiar with the diagnosis, staging and treatment of these diseases, in order to optimize the results not only oncological (Healing), but also cosmetics. The decision on local treatment (surgery and Radiotherapy) and systemic treatment (Chemotherapy and Hormonot­herapy) is based on the clinical and molecular characteristics of the tumor, aswell as on the pa­tient's preferences


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant/classification , Axilla/surgery , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Mastectomy, Segmental , Medical Oncology
10.
Rev. bras. cancerol ; 65(4)20191216.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1049170

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Postoperative radiotherapy is widely used to reduce risks of locoregional recurrence of breast cancer. However, the radiation of the thoracic structures involves risks, especially to the lungs. Objective: To study the Maximal Respiratory Pressures (MRP) after exposure to breast radiotherapy in women. Method: Prospective observational study conducted at the Alfredo Abrão Cancer Hospital in Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul ­ MS. The study sample consisted of women (n = 8) exposed to breast radiotherapy after quadrantectomy surgery. Respiratory muscle strength was assessed through Maximal Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) and Maximal Expiratory Pressure (MEP) using a portable device called manovacuometer. The exam was performed before the 1st session of radiotherapy and after the 25th session corresponding to the last day of radiotherapy treatment. It were also evaluated the weight and height to measure the body mass index (BMI), clinical respiratory symptoms of dyspnea using the Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale and characterization of cough with the Common Lung Toxicity Criteria according to the clinical pneumonitis classification. Results: MIP values were 95.90 ± 23.86 and 81.20 ± 23.12 (mean ± standard deviation p = 0.035) in relation to the ideal percentage, characterizing a significant decrease when comparing before and after breast radiotherapy exposure. It was observed level of significance of p<0.05, t-student and paired test were applied. Conclusion: The study of MRP before and after exposure to breast radiotherapy showed a significant decrease in MIP.


Introdução: No câncer de mama, a radioterapia pós-operatória é amplamente usada para reduzir a incidência de recorrência local da doença. Entretanto, a irradiação das estruturas torácicas implica riscos, especialmente para os pulmões. Objetivo: Estudar as pressões respiratórias máximas (PRM) após exposição à radioterapia de mama em mulheres. Método: Estudo prospectivo observacional realizado no Hospital de Câncer Alfredo Abrão em Campo Grande, Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul ­ MS. A amostra deste estudo foi composta por mulheres (n = 8) expostas à radioterapia de mama após cirurgia de quadrantectomia. Avaliou-se a força dos músculos respiratórios por meio da pressão inspiratória máxima (Pimáx) e da pressão expiratória máxima (Pemáx), utilizando-se do aparelho portátil denominado manovacuômetro. O exame foi realizado antes da primeira sessão de radioterapia e após a 25ª sessão, correspondendo ao último dia de tratamento radioterápico. Também foram avaliados o peso e a altura para medir o índice de massa corporal, os sintomas respiratórios clínicos de dispneia com o uso da Escala de Dispneia Medical Research Council e a caracterização de tosse com os Critérios Comuns de Toxicidade Pulmonar, em classificação da pneumonite clínica. Resultados: Os valores da Pimáx resultaram em 95,90 ± 23,86 e 81,20 ± 23,12 (média ± desvio padrão da média ­ p = 0,035) em relação ao percentual ideal, caracterizando diminuição significativa ao se comparar antes e após a exposição à radioterapia. Observou-se nível de significância de p<0,05, teste t-student e pareado. Conclusão: O estudo das PRM antes e após a exposição à radioterapia de mama evidenciou diminuição significativa da Pimáx.


Introducción: En el cáncer de mama, la radioterapia postoperatoria se usa ampliamente para reducir los riesgos de recurrencia locorregional de la enfermedad. Sin embargo, la radiación de las estructuras torácicas implica riesgos, especialmente para los pulmones. Objetivo: Estudiar las presiones respiratorias máximas (PRM) después de la exposición a la radioterapia de mama en mujeres. Método: Estudio observacional prospectivo realizado en el Hospital de Cáncer "Alfredo Abrão" en Campo Grande ­ MS. La muestra del estudio consistió en mujeres (n = 8) expuestas a radioterapia de mama después de una cirugía de cuadrantectomía. La fuerza muscular respiratoria se evaluó a través de la presión inspiratoria máxima (MIP) y la presión espiratoria máxima (MEP), utilizando un dispositivo portátil llamado manovacuómetro. El examen se realizó antes de la 1ª sesión de radioterapia y después de la 25ª sesión correspondiente al último día de tratamiento de radioterapia. También fueron evaluados el peso y la altura para calcular el índice de masa corporal; los síntomas clínicos de disnea respiratoria utilizando la Escala de disnea del "Medical Research Council", y la caracterización de la tos con los criterios comunes de toxicidad pulmonar según la clasificación de neumonitis clínica. Resultados: Los valores de MIP fueron de 95,90 ± 23,86 y 81,20 ± 23,12 en relación con el porcentaje ideal, caracterizando una disminución significativa (media ± desviación estándar de la media - p = 0,035) al comparar el antes y el después de la exposición a radioterapia mamaria. Se observó nivel de significancia de p <0,05, se aplicó t-student y prueba pareada. Conclusión: El estudio de PRM, antes y después de la exposición a radioterapia de mama, mostró una disminución significativa en la MIP.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Respiratory Muscles/radiation effects , Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Maximal Respiratory Pressures , Prospective Studies
11.
J. bras. pneumol ; 44(6): 469-476, Nov.-Dec. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-984609

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the impact of thoracic radiotherapy on respiratory function and exercise capacity in patients with breast cancer. Methods: Breast cancer patients in whom thoracic radiotherapy was indicated after surgical treatment and chemotherapy were submitted to HRCT, respiratory evaluation, and exercise capacity evaluation before radiotherapy and at three months after treatment completion. Respiratory muscle strength testing, measurement of chest wall mobility, and complete pulmonary function testing were performed for respiratory evaluation; cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed to evaluate exercise capacity. The total radiotherapy dose was 50.4 Gy (1.8 Gy/fraction) to the breast or chest wall, including supraclavicular lymph nodes (SCLN) or not. Dose-volume histograms were calculated for each patient with special attention to the ipsilateral lung volume receiving 25 Gy (V25), in absolute and relative values, and mean lung dose. Results: The study comprised 37 patients. After radiotherapy, significant decreases were observed in respiratory muscle strength, chest wall mobility, exercise capacity, and pulmonary function test results (p < 0.05). DLCO was unchanged. HRCT showed changes related to radiotherapy in 87% of the patients, which was more evident in the patients submitted to SCLN irradiation. V25% significantly correlated with radiation pneumonitis. Conclusions: In our sample of patients with breast cancer, thoracic radiotherapy seemed to have caused significant losses in respiratory and exercise capacity, probably due to chest wall restriction; SCLN irradiation represented an additional risk factor for the development of radiation pneumonitis.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da radioterapia torácica na função respiratória e capacidade de exercício em pacientes com câncer de mama. Métodos: Pacientes com câncer de mama com indicação de radioterapia torácica após tratamento cirúrgico e quimioterápico foram submetidas a TCAR, avaliação respiratória e avaliação da capacidade de exercício antes da radioterapia torácica e três meses após o término do tratamento. Foram realizados teste de força muscular respiratória, medição da mobilidade torácica e prova de função pulmonar completa para a avaliação respiratória; realizou-se teste de exercício cardiopulmonar para avaliar a capacidade de exercício. A dose total de radioterapia foi de 50,4 Gy (1,8 Gy/fração) na mama ou na parede torácica, incluindo ou não a fossa supraclavicular (FSC). Histogramas dose-volume foram calculados para cada paciente com especial atenção para o volume pulmonar ipsilateral que recebeu 25 Gy (V25), em números absolutos e relativos, e a dose pulmonar média. Resultados: O estudo incluiu 37 pacientes. Após a radioterapia, observou-se diminuição significativa da força muscular respiratória, mobilidade torácica, capacidade de exercício e resultados da prova de função pulmonar (p < 0,05). A DLCO permaneceu inalterada. A TCAR mostrou alterações relacionadas à radioterapia em 87% das pacientes, o que foi mais evidente nas pacientes submetidas à irradiação da FSC. O V25% correlacionou-se significativamente com a pneumonite por radiação. Conclusões: Em nossa amostra de pacientes com câncer de mama, a radioterapia torácica parece ter causado perdas significativas na capacidade respiratória e de exercício, provavelmente por causa da restrição torácica; a irradiação da FSC representou um fator de risco adicional para o desenvolvimento de pneumonite por radiação.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Forced Expiratory Volume/radiation effects , Exercise Tolerance/radiation effects , Radiation Pneumonitis/diagnostic imaging , Respiratory Muscles/radiation effects , Respiratory Muscles/physiopathology , Lymphatic Irradiation/adverse effects , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Prospective Studies , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation
12.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 64(11): 1023-1030, Nov. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-976791

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To assess the cosmetic satisfaction of patients diagnosed with breast cancer submitted to the hypofractionated radiotherapy with IMRT (hIMRT) technique and its correlation with dosimetric data of the radiotherapy planning. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The retrospective cohort study that assessed women with a diagnosis of malignant breast neoplasia submitted to the conservative treatment or radical mastectomy and treated with hIMRT. In the period between August 2007 to December 2014, in a philanthropic / private institution, 170 records were selected. The cosmetic assessment was carried out by means of the Harvard/RTOG/NSABP scale with one-year minimum range after treatment. The collected dosimetric data were: breast / chest wall volume, volume that received 95% (V95%) and 107% (V107%) of the prescribed dose. RESULTS: The volume of the treated breasts ranged from 169 to 2.103 ml (median = 702; IQR: 535 to 914 ml). Median V95% was 86.7% (54.6-96.6%; IQR: 80.0% to 90.6%); eight (5.7%) patients had V95% higher than 95%. Median V107% was 0% (0%-16.3%; IQR: 0.0% to 0.3% and 13); 9.3% patients had V107% higher than 2%. One hundred and thirty-three (78.2%) patients responded to the cosmetic assessment: 99 (74.4%) considered the cosmetic results excellent. Significant associations between cosmetic assessment and breast volume (p=0.875), V95% (p=0.294) e V107% (p=0.301) were not found. CONCLUSION: The cosmetic results showed favorable when using hIMRT, and the lack of correlation with usual the dosimetric data illustrates the capacity of hIMRT to minimize the heterogeneity of the dose in this endpoint, even in voluminous breasts.


RESUMO OBJETIVO: Avaliar a satisfação cosmética de pacientes diagnosticadas com câncer de mama submetidas à radioterapia hipofracionada com técnica IMRT (hIMRT) e sua correlação com dados dosimétricos do planejamento radioterápico. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo que avaliou mulheres com diagnóstico de neoplasia maligna de mama submetidas a tratamento conservador ou mastectomia radical e tratadas com hIMRT. No período de agosto de 2007 a dezembro de 2014, em uma instituição filantrópica/particular, foram selecionados 170 prontuários. A avaliação cosmética foi feita por meio da escala de Harvard/RTOG/NSABP com um intervalo mínimo de um ano após o tratamento. Dados dosimétricos coletados foram: volume da mama/plastrão, volume que recebeu 95% (V95%) e 107% (V107%) da dose prescrita. RESULTADOS: O volume das mamas tratadas variou de 169 a 2.103 ml (mediana = 702; IQR: 535 a 914 ml). O V95% mediano foi 86,7% (54,6-96,6%; IQR: 80,0% a 90,6%); oito (5,7%) pacientes tiveram o V95% superior a 95%. O V107% mediano foi 0% (0%-16,3%; IQR: 0,0% a 0,3% e 13); 9,3% pacientes tiveram o V107% superior a 2%. Cento e trinta e três (78,2%) pacientes responderam à avaliação cosmética: 99 (74,4%) consideraram o resultado cosmético excelente. Não foram encontradas associações significativas entre a avaliação cosmética e o volume da mama (p=0,875), V95% (p=0,294) e V107% (p=0,301). CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados cosméticos mostraram-se favoráveis com o uso de hIMRT, e a ausência de correlação com os dados dosimétricos usuais ilustra a capacidade do hIMRT em minimizar a heterogeneidade da dose neste desfecho, mesmo em mamas volumosas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Body Image , Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated/methods , Radiation Dose Hypofractionation , Breast/pathology , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Radiotherapy, Conformal/methods , Radiotherapy, Conformal/statistics & numerical data , Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated/statistics & numerical data , Mastectomy , Middle Aged
13.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 64(9): 770-777, Sept. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-976861

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY This recommendation consensus for hypofractionated whole-breast radiotherapy (RT) was organized by the Brazilian Society of Radiotherapy (SBRT) considering the optimal scenario for indication and safety in the technology applied. All controversies and contraindication matters (hypofractionated RT in patients who underwent chemotherapy [CT], hypofractionated RT in lymphatic drainage, hypofractionated RT after mastectomy with or without immediate reconstruction, boost during surgery, hypofractionated RT in patients under 50 years old, hypofractionated RT in large breasts, hypofractionated RT in histology of carcinoma in situ [DCIS]) was discussed during a meeting in person, and a consensus was reached when there was an agreement of at least 75% among panel members. The grade for recommendation was also suggested according to the level of scientific evidence available, qualified as weak, medium, or strong. Thus, this consensus will aid Brazilian radiotherapy experts regarding indications and particularities of this technique as a viable and safe alternative for the national reality.


RESUMO Este consenso de recomendações para a radioterapia (RT) hipofracionada de toda a mama foi organizado pela Sociedade Brasileira de Radioterapia (SBRT) considerando o cenário ideal para indicação e segurança na tecnologia aplicada. Questões de controvérsias e contraindicações (RT hipofracionada em pacientes submetidas à quimioterapia [QT], RT hipofracionada nas drenagens linfáticas, RT hipofracionada após mastectomia com ou sem reconstrução imediata, a realização de reforço de dose em leito cirúrgico [ou boost], RT hipofracionada em pacientes com idade menor que 50 anos, RT hipofracionada em mamas volumosas, RT hipofracionada em histologia de carcinoma in situ [CDIS]) foram discutidas em encontro presencial, sendo o consenso atingido quando existisse concordância de pelo menos 75% dos panelistas. O grau de recomendação foi também sugerido de acordo com o nível de evidência científico disponível, qualificado entre fraco, médio ou forte. Assim, este consenso deverá servir para auxiliar os especialistas da radioterapia brasileira em relação às indicações e particularidades dessa técnica, como uma alternativa segura e viável para a realidade nacional.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Carcinoma/radiotherapy , Radiation Dose Hypofractionation/standards , Brazil , Breast/radiation effects , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Carcinoma/pathology , Risk Factors , Evidence-Based Medicine
14.
Revista Digital de Postgrado ; 7(1): 9-15, jun. 2018. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1095873

ABSTRACT

En el tratamiento del cáncer de mama, son varias las técnicas que se describen en materia de radioterapia oncológica. Objetivo: La investigación pretendió analizar la técnica de mama prona en cuanto a beneficio para las pacientes con cáncer de mama estadios I y II en el servicio de radioterapia oncológica y medicina nuclear del Hospital Universitario de Caracas. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y comparativo con una muestra conformada por 20 pacientes. Los casos se registraron en el instrumento de recolección de datos del paciente. Para este estudio se emplearon las técnicas de la estadística descriptiva. Resultados: La frecuencia de pacientes atendidas tuvo un aumento interanual entre 35 % y 40 %. El 60 % de las pacientes presentaron estadio IB, 25 % IA y 15 % con estadio IIA. Conclusión: La posición prona es una técnica reproducible que beneficia principalmente a las pacientes con mamas grandes y/o péndulas, permite protección del corazón excluyendo el haz del rayo a nivel cardiaco(AU)


In the treatment of breast cancer, there are several techniques that are described in terms of radiation therapy. Objetive: The research aimed to analyze the prone breast technique in terms of benefit for patients with stage I and II breast cancer in the oncological radiotherapy and nuclear medicine service of the University Hospital of Caracas. Methods: This is a descriptive, prospective and comparative study with a sample consisting of 20 patients. The cases were recorded in the patient data collection instrument. For this study, the techniques of descriptive statistics were used. Results: the frequency of patients attended had an interannual increase between 35 % and 40 %. 60 % of the patients presented stage IB, 25 % IA and 15 % with stage IIA. Conclusion: The prone position is a reproducible technique that mainly benefits the patients with large breasts and / or pendulums, allows protection of the heart excluding the beam of the ray at cardiac level(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Prone Position , Dosimetry , Medical Oncology
15.
Med. leg. Costa Rica ; 35(1): 44-51, ene.-mar. 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-894337

ABSTRACT

Resumen El cáncer de mama, es el más frecuente en mujeres; mortal si no es diagnosticado a tiempo que varía de su estadio, su histología y biología molecular. Es bien conocido, que la exposición estrogénica, es un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de cáncer de mama, junto los antecedentes heredo familiares de primer y segundo grado y genética. El tamizaje en mujeres asintomáticas ha evidenciado que disminuye la mortalidad por el diagnóstico temprano y su diagnóstico de confirmación es la histología por biopsias con aguja gruesa. El tratamiento va depender del estadio, metástasis nodal o extranodal y la inmunohistoquímica y la disminución de la mortalidad se ha logrado con el diagnóstico oportuno y el tratamiento con cirugía y terapia antihormonal.


Abstract Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women; is highly mortal if not diagnosed on time depending on stage, histology and molecular biology. It is well known, that estrogenic exposure is a risk factor for developing breast cancer, together with family history in first or second negree and genetics. Screening asymptomatic women has shown to decrease mortality rates and the confirmation diagnostic is done with thick needle biopsy. The treatment depends on the stage, nodal or extranodal metastasis and immunohistochemistry and reduction of mortality rate has been accomplished with timely diagnosis and the treatment with surgery and antihormonal therapy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Biomarkers, Tumor , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Costa Rica , Molecular Biology
17.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 83(6): 621-629, 2018. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-990877

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El cáncer de mama es el tumor más prevalente a nivel mundial entre las mujeres. A pesar de que la supervivencia global alcanza cifras cercanas al 90%, sigue suponiendo un importante problema sanitario y económico para la población. Los sarcomas primarios de mama suponen menos del 1% de estas neoplasias, pero sus tasas de recidiva y mortalidad son elevadas. Dado que no existen pruebas de imagen específicas para el diagnóstico, la confirmación de dicha entidad supone un reto a nivel histopatológico. El tratamiento del osteosarcoma de mama es principalmente quirúrgico, con la extirpación de la tumoración con márgenes adecuados, que será trascendental para el pronóstico de las pacientes. No se ha demostrado que sea necesaria una disección axilar, ni un tratamiento adyuvante estándar de quimioterapia ni radioterapia, salvo casos indicados. Presentamos el caso de una paciente postmenopaúsica que tras haber desarrollado un carcinoma ductal in situ de mama tratado de forma satisfactoria, desarrolla dos años posterior a la finalización del tratamiento radioterápico, y en la misma localización del tumor inicial, un osteosarcoma primario de mama de rápido crecimiento atribuible al efecto de la radioterapia administrada.


ABSTRACT Breast cancer is the most prevalent tumor worldwide among women. Despite the fact that overall survival reaches figures close to 90%, it continues to be an important health and economic problem for the population. Primary breast sarcomas account for less than 1% of these neoplasms but their rates of recurrence and mortality are high. Given that there are no specific imaging tests for diagnosis, confirmation of this entity is a challenge at the histopathological level. The treatment of the OSM is mainly surgical with the removal of the tumor with adequate margins, which will be transcendental for the prognosis of the patients. It has not been demonstrated that an axillary dissection is required, nor a standard adjuvant treatment of chemotherapy or radiotherapy, unless indicated. We present the case of a postmenopausal patient who, after having developed a ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast (DCIS) successfully treated, developed two years after the end of the radiotherapy treatment, and in the same location of the initial tumor, an osteosarcoma primary breast of rapid growth attributable to the effect of radiotherapy administered.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Osteosarcoma/diagnostic imaging , Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced , Sarcoma/etiology , Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Breast Neoplasms/therapy , Mastectomy
18.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 145(8): 1076-1082, ago. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-902588

ABSTRACT

Phyllodes tumors account for less than 1% of tumors of the mammary gland, have both epithelial and stromal components and are classified as benign, borderline and malignant. The malignant tumors are highly heterogeneous: they can differentiate to liposarcomas, fibrosarcomas, rhabdomyosarcomas, chondrosarcomas or osteosarcomas. The differentiation to osteosarcoma is extremely rare, constitutes 1.3% of cases and is very aggressive. The standard treatment of these tumors is surgical. The role of radiotherapy and chemotherapy is not clear. However, in patients in whom wide surgical margins are not achieved, adjuvant radiotherapy can be of help. We report a 63 years old female with a right breast osteosarcoma with an osteoclastic component, originating in a phyllodes tumor. The tumor was excised surgically and afterwards she was treated with 10 sessions of 50 Gy of radiotherapy in 25 fractions. She has remained free of disease for the last 10 months.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Osteosarcoma/pathology , Phyllodes Tumor/pathology , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/pathology , Biopsy , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Immunohistochemistry , Osteosarcoma/surgery , Osteosarcoma/radiotherapy , Treatment Outcome , Phyllodes Tumor/surgery , Phyllodes Tumor/radiotherapy , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/surgery , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/radiotherapy
19.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 82(3): 330-337, jun. 2017. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-899913

ABSTRACT

Los tumores Phyllodes agrupan un conjunto de patologías caracterizadas por presentar una arquitectura histológica estromal y epitelial; dividiéndose en benignos, borderline o malignos, en función de múltiples características. Se desarrollan más frecuentemente en pacientes entre los 35-55 años de edad, representando el 0.3%-1% de los tumores primarios de la mama. Clínicamente se caracterizan por la aparición de una masa indolora, firme, dura, multilobulada y de crecimiento rápido que puede llegar a alcanzar un gran tamaño, denominándose gigantes cuando superan los 10 cm de longitud. El diagnóstico de los tumores Phyllodes, se basa en el estudio anatomopatológico mediante biopsia radioguiada y las pruebas de imagen mamarias. La cirugía conservadora o radical, con márgenes de resección quirúrgica libres de enfermedad mayores de 1 cm, y la radioterapia adyuvante sobre el lecho tumoral, son el tratamiento de elección de este tipo de tumores. El tamaño de la masa, el tipo histológico y la afectación tumoral de los bordes quirúrgicos son los principales factores de riesgo de recurrencia, que puede alcanzar un 40%, siendo casi siempre a nivel local. Por otro lado, la probabilidad de desarrollar metástasis a distancia presenta una mayor variabilidad, siendo más frecuente a nivel pulmonar y óseo. A continuación, presentamos el caso de una paciente diagnósticada de un tumor Phyllodes maligno gigante de mama derecha (mayor de 20 cm) que, tras tratamiento mediante cirugía radical y radioterapia adyuvante, desarrolló múltiples metástasis a distancia, recibiendo actualmente cuidados paliativos, a pesar de los esfuerzos terapéuticos multidisciplinares realizados.


Those Phyllodes tumors grouped a set of pathologies characterized by presenting an architecture histological stromal and epithelial; divided into benign, borderline or malignant, based on multiple characteristics. Occur most frequently in patients between 35-55 years of age, representing 0.3% - 1% of primary tumors of the breast. Clinically is characterized by the appearance of a mass painless, firm, hard, multilobulated and of growth fast that can get to reach a great size, calling is giant when exceed the 10 cm of length. Phyllodes tumors diagnosis, based on the study pathological radioguided biopsy and breast imaging tests. It surgery conservative or radical, with margins of resection surgical free of disease greater of 1 cm, and the radiation therapy adjuvant on the bedding tumor, are the treatment of choice of this type of tumors. He size of the mass, the type histologically and it involvement tumor of them edges surgical are the main factors of risk of recurrence, that can reach a 40%, being almost always to level local. On the other hand, the probability of developing metastasis to distance presents a greater variability, being more frequent to level lung and bone. Then, present the case of a patient diagnosed of a tumor Phyllodes malignant giant of mama right (greater of 20 cm) that, after treatment by surgery radical and radiotherapy adjuvant, developed multiple metastasis to distance, receiving currently care palliative, despite those efforts therapeutic multidisciplinary made.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Phyllodes Tumor/surgery , Phyllodes Tumor/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Phyllodes Tumor/pathology , Phyllodes Tumor/radiotherapy , Mastectomy
20.
An. bras. dermatol ; 92(3): 395-397, May-June 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-886978

ABSTRACT

Abstract Lymphangioma is a rare benign disease of the lymphatic vessels. Typically, they are primary conditions but may be acquired secondarily, such as those caused by irradiation during radiotherapy for the treatment of breast cancer. The local lymphatic obstruction provoked by irradiation causes the appearance of asymptomatic hyaline vesicles on the irradiated skin. The present report describes a 78-year-old female patient, who initially presented hyaline vesicles that progressed into multiple papules with serous exudation of a yellowish and odorless secretion on the area of chronic radiodermitis in right breast. Despite the rarity of the case, we emphasize the importance of knowledge regarding dermatological disease for early diagnosis and proper medical conduct.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Lymphangioma/diagnosis , Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Lymphangioma/etiology , Mastectomy
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